Main things to know:

• Which surgery and use
• Later they will ask questions about that clinical condition

Bull's eye lamp

• A source of illumination with 100 watt white bulb.
• Plano convex lens is placed in front of the bulb.

<aside> 💡 We need to converge: convex lens

</aside>

• bull's lamp is placed 6 inches above and behind the left shoulder of the patient at the level of left ear of the patient.
• while using this lamp the examiner must focus the light using a head mirror to illuminate the patient.

Head mirror

• A concave mirror: converging mirror
• Diameter: 9cm
• Central hole: 2cm
• Focal length 250mm

Otoscope and Seagull's speculum

• otoscope illuminates and also gives 2x magnification
• Seagull's speculum is used in following tests:
  • Pneumatic otoscopy: TM mobility
  • Fistula test
  • Galle's test hearing test depending on pressure
  • red mass behind tympanic membrane: pulsating sign or browns sign
• Seagull's speculum also used to suction secretions or spraying antibiotics.

Politzer bag

• Used for politzerization to kids and people who can't do valsalva maneuver.
• Learn to differentiate from seagull's speculum

Ear/aural speculum

• Comes in variety of sizes
• color is black so that it doesn't reflect light while examination.

A hole in the speculum allows us to inject anesthetic without removing the speculum.

Tuning fork

• Most common: 512 Hz

  • speech frequency 500,1000,2000

• Less than 512 Hz: more overtones

• More than 512Hz: Dampens quickly

• Where should we strike it: junction of upper 1/3 and lower 2/3.

• Don't hit it against hard surfaces - if done, produces a lot of overtones and they interfere pure tones we are testing. Hit it against elbow or rubbery surface

• What are the tests it is used for?

• Can it indicate the degree of hearing loss: YES

  • Rinnes negative with 256 Hz (15db hearing loss), 512 Hz(30db), 1024(45db)

Jobson Horne probe with ring curette

Ring maybe round/oval ; Probe can be used for probing or as a cotton applicator

Aural Syringe